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 OCR, June 1999

The table shows the energy values of dietary components.

nutrient energy /kJ g-1
carbohydrate 16
fat 37
protein 17

When UNIMIX is used for emergency feeding of children in a famine area, each child is given 350 grams per day. The table shows the components per 100 grams of dry UNIMIX.

components mass per 100 g UNIMIX
carbohydrate 62.50 g
fat 21.80 g
protein 6.82 g
phosphorus 113.10 mg
calcium 92.40 mg
potassium 145.80 mg
iron 3.08 mg
vitamins 4.00 mg
    Question:

  1. Using these two tables, calculate the energy content of the fat in a week's supply of UNIMIX Show your working.

    [2]
    Question:

  2. UNIMIX does not contain vitamin D. Suggest a reason for this.

    [1]

  3. The fat in UNIMIX must contain certain specific polyunsaturated fatty acids.

      Question:

    1. What do you understand by the term polyunsaturated fatty acid?

      [1]
      Question:

    2. Why must UNIMIX contain certain specific polyunsaturated fatty acids?

      [1]
    Question:

  4. The protein in UNIMIX will prevent the development of oedema, the accumulation of body fluids in the tissues, which is a characteristic feature of children who are suffering from kwashiorkor. Explain why this is so.

    [3]
    Question:

  5. UNIMIX, if given as a regular supplement, will avoid protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), which may cause wasting or stunting. Explain the difference between wasting and stunting and the different reasons for their occurrence.

    [3]
    6. Question:

    1. In developed countries, some rich diets can lead to excessive cholesterol levels in the blood. Explain why it is important to avoid such high levels of cholesterol.

      [2]
      Question:

    2. Cholesterol has several important functions in the body. List three of these functions.

      [3]
[Total : 16]