Please find your mark scheme and model answer
below:
Diet and coronary heart
disease
OCR, June
2000
Question:
Explain what is meant by the term
malnutrition.
[2]
Answer:
literally 'bad nutrition'/not having correct food
in correct proportions;applied to both under- and
over-nutrition; (R undemutrition only)
A.V.P.
Obesity is regarded as a form of
malnutrition. One way of defining obesity is by means
of the body mass index (BMI). This is calculated for
an individual as follows:
BMI = body mass in kg/(height in m)2
Question:
Calculate the BMI for a person of body mass 70 kg and
height 1.7m. Show your working.
[2]
Answer:
BMI = m/h2 = 70/l.72 = 7O/2.89; (one mark for
correct method of calculation) = 24.22; (kgm-2) (units not needed for
BMI)
An obese person is defined
slightly differently in Europe and the USA as
follows.
Europe: BMI greater than
30
USA: BMI greater than 27.8 for
men, and greater than 27.3 for
women
These values were used in
producing the data for the table, which shows the
occurrence of obesity in England and Germany (both in
Europe) and in the USA between 1978 and
1994.
country
age
range
year
occurrence of obesity (% of
population)
men
women
England
16-64
1980
6
8
1994
13
16
Germany
25-69
1985
15
17
1990
17
19
USA
(European origin)
20-74
1978
24
24
1988-91
32
34
With reference to the table
Question:
state two limitations of the data as presented,
other than the slightly different definitions of obesity
in Europe and the USA;
[2]
Answer:
age ranges variable (between countries);years
variable (between countries);sample size unknown;do
not know whether equal numbers of men and
women;A.V.P.; (e.g. occupations/life
styles)
Question:
bearing in mind the limitations of the data, state
two main conclusions that can be drawn, apart from
the fact that obesity is increasing rapidly;
[2]
Answer:
obesity is a bigger problem in the USA (than in
Europe);(slightly) more among women (than men);more
in Germany than England;difference between USA and
Europe not and genetic/environmental factors
important;A.V.P.;
Question:
if the trend for men in England continued, calculate
the percentage of Englishmen who would be obese by the end
of the year 2003. Show your working.
[2]
Answer:
working: (One mark only).7%
increase in 14 years;0.5% increase per year;5%
increase in 10 years;
answer
17%/18%;
The body mass of an individual
depends mainly on the difference between energy
consumption and energy expenditure. The figure shows
the total daily energy expenditure of 9 lean and 7
obese women in an experiment into the cause of
obesity.
It is often suggested that lean
people have a higher metabolic rate than obese people,
and that this is an important factor in why they do
not become obese.
Question:
Explain whether this suggestion is supported by the data
in the figure.
[3]
Answer:
mean energy expenditure of obese women greater than
lean women;suggests obesity due to obese people taking
in more energy than lean people;not due to obese
people, using less energy/having lower metabolic rate,
than lean;
Obese people are frequently
advised to take more
exercise.
Question:
Suggest why exercise, on its own, is unlikely to be
effective in reducing obesity.
[2]
Answer:
obese people find it difficult to do enough
exercise to lose significant amounts of energy;
energy of excess food intake far exceeds
energy lost in exercise;basic problem is eating too
much;exercise makes one
hungry;
