Diet: age and occupation
OCR, specimen paper

Proteins are digested into amino acids. Nutritionists consider some of these amino acids to be essential amino acids. A deficiency of protein in the diet can lead to significant damage to health.

    Question:

  1. Explain why some amino acids are described as essential in the diet.

    [2]
    Answer:

    cannot be, made / synthesised; ® metabolised

    from, other / non-esseptial, amino acids;

    by transamination

    any other compound;

    no enzymes (to make them);

    proteins cannot be made without them;

    ref deficiency disease;


    Question:

  2. Describe the consequences for a young child of a very restricted intake of protein in the diet.

    [3]
    Answer:

    poor growth/;

    underweight;

    poor development;

    poor, wound healing / repair;

    poor immune system / susceptibility to disease;

    few antibodies / lymphocytes;

    muscle wasting;

    oedema / bloated abaomen;

    few plasma proteins;

    fatty liver;

    poor digestion, reason;

    marasmus / kwashiorkor / protein-energy malnutrition;

    AVP;; (e.g. apathy / lethargic, thin hair, moon face etc)


    The table tyi shows the daily energy requirements and some of the daily nutrient requirements y^for a woman aged 25 and a lactating (breast feeding) woman of the same age and body mass.

    energy or nutrients

    daily requirements

    woman aged 25

    lactating woman

    energy / kJ kg-1 145 185
    protein / g kg-1 0.75 0.93
    vitamin A / µg 600 950
    vitamin D / µg 0 10
    calcium / mg 700 1250
    Question:

  3. With reference to tablethe lactating woman. explain why the energy and nutrient intakes are greater for (In this question one mark is awarded for the quality of written communication.)

    [8]
    Answer:

    lactating woman requires higher intake because she needs…

    1 energy required to produce milk;

    2 energy required for, body maintenance / physical activity;

    3 nutrients to, replace those lost in milk / prevent deficiency;

    4 milk provides most or all of baby's, nutrition / energy / nutrients;

    baby needs…

    5 energy for a named process;

    6 protein required for growth;

    7 immune system;

    8 vitamin A for retina;

    9 detail of function in retina / ref to deficiency;

    10 for epithelia / protection against disease;

    11 vitamin D for absorption of calcium;

    12 deposition of calcium in bone / calcification;

    13 baby's skin unlikely to make enough vitamin D;

    14 as not exposed to enough sunlight;

    15 calcium required for skeleton / bone

    16 fat, for making fat stores / insulation / provides energy;

    17,18 ref comparative figures to support statements;;

    19,20 AVP;; (e.g. repair of uterus, further detail of points above) 7 max

    Q – legible text with accurate spelling, punctuation and grammar 1 marks


    Question:

  4. State three further components of a balanced diet, other than digestible carbohydrate, that are not given in the table

    [3]
    Answer:

    vitaminsmineralsmineralsothersC;B;E;K;folic acid;sodium;phosphorus;fluoride;zinc;copper;manganese;cobalt;magnesium;chloridepotassium;iron;molybdenum;iodine;warter;fibre / cellulose / roughage;fats / essential fatty acids / lipids / triglycerides;

    AVP;;;

    NOT glucose / vitamins A and D / calcium / protein / starch / glycogen / maltose / lactose / sucrose / disaccharides / polysaccharides


[Total: 16]