Vitamin D promotes the strengthening of the skeleton by
ensuring a plentiful supply of
........................................... ions in the
blood.
Answer:
calcium / Ca; R as part of a
list
Question:
Infants and children who are deprived of vitamin D
develop the disease called
...................................... which is associated
with weak and deformed bones that cannot support their
weight.
Answer:
rickets;
Question:
Some women who have many pregnancies and breast feed
their babies may suffer from a softening of bones called
......................................
Answer:
osteomalacia; A
osteoporosis
Question:
Vitamin D is found in some foods, such as
....................................................
Answer:
butter / low fat spreads / margarine / milk /
milk products / meat / egg / mango / papaya / cheese
/ fish / oily fish / named oily fish / breakfast
cereal / cod liver
oil
Question:
However, most of the body's vitamin D is made in the
body when the .....................
Answer:
skin;
Question:
is exposed to ...............
Answer:
sun / sunlight / sunshine / UV light; NOT light
unqualified
[6]
Dietary Reference Values (DRVs)
are based on studies of the British population. The
table shows DRVs for protein for
women.
DRV
15–18 years
19–50 years
over 50
years
Estimated
Average Requirement (EAR) /g day-1
37.1
36.0
37.2
Reference
Nutrient Intake (RNI) /g day-1
45.4
45.0
46.5
Question:
Explain the difference between the Estimated Average
Requirement (EAR) and the Reference Nutrient Intake
(RNI).
[2]
Answer:
EAR = mean of the, population / sample; A
ref. 50% need more, 50% lessEAR is the only DRV for
energy;RNI = two standard deviations, about /above and
below, the more than enough for most of the population
/ AW;
Question:
State two reasons why the protein intake of
19–50 year old women might be
greater than the values given in the table.
[2]
Answer:
pregnancy;lactation / breast feeding;body building
/ training / exercise qualified;AVP;; (e.g. heavy
periods /recovery from disease /high metabolic rate /
large size)R'menstruation'
unqualified
Question:
Explain why women over the age of 50 should maintain a
protein intake similar to that of younger women.
[2]
Answer:
maintenance / repair / replacementref bones /
organs / tissues;immune system;not able to store
protein;AVP;; (e.g. any 2 protein
functions)
Question:
Outline two advantages of publishing Dietary
Reference Values.
[2]
Answer:
individual needs (i.e. planning diets for
individual);not generalised / related to specific
groups / AW; ref advice / education / information, for
general public / consumersanalysing dietary surveysuse
by dieticians / constructing dietsr(i.e. for
schools/hospitals/institutions);food labelling /
selling / marketing;
Children in many developing
countries suffer from severe protein energy
malnutrition. As a result they show reduced growth and
are susceptible to infectious diseases, such as
measles.
Question:
Explain why young children with protein energy
malnutrition are especially susceptible to measles.
[2]
Answer:
measles is highly infectious;poor development of
immune system / few lymphocytes / few T/B
cells;weakened immune system;antibodies are proteins,
fewer are/nade / AW; oravitamin A deficiency;poor
maintenance of epithelia (virus enters through nose /
mouth etc);ref. to need for booster vaccination (as
initial vaccination does not
work);
Supplementary feeding programmes
provide such children with a diet rich in carbohydrate
but with limited quantities of high quality
protein.
Question:
Suggest reason for providing these children with this
type of diet.
[2]
Answer:
(carbohydrate used) to provide energycarbohydrate
easily respired;saves protein from being respired;high
quality protein provides (all) essential amino
acids;energy / protein needed for growth / repair /
replacement;AVP; e.g. ref cost of
diets