The following passage is adapted from the World Health Organisation's World Health Report – 1999.

HIV/AIDS control in South-East Asia: the challenge of expanding successful programmes.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was slower to emerge in South-East Asia than in other parts of the world, but is now a serious public health problem and a threat to development. The first patient from South-East Asia with AIDS was identified in 1984. Since then a total of 92 391 cases of the disease have been reported in this region up to 1st July 1997. However, because of under-reporting and under-diagnosis the reported cases only reflect a proportion of the true problem. The World Health Organisation estimates that there are currently more than 5.5 million people in South-East Asia who are infected with HIV – 18% of the global total.

Question:


1. State three ways in which HIV is transmitted.

   [3]
   Question:
   

2. Explain the problems that are encountered by governments, in places such as South-East Asia, in controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS.

   (In this question, one mark is available for the quality of written communication.)

   [7]
   [Total : 10]